Effect of the rhenium additive to VOx/TiO2 and MoOx/TiO2 catalysts on their properties in oxidative dehydrogenation of propane

VO_x/TiO₂ and MoO_x/TiO₂ catalysts with the addition of Re (Re/V or Mo = 0.5) were synthetized and tested in oxidative dehydrogenation of propane and in reduction by propane. XPS measurements showed depletion of the surface in Re. The Re additive does not affect the total conversion of propane, but increases the selectivity to propene. The effect is more pronounced for the MoO_x/TiO₂ catalyst. The increase in the selectivity to propene is accompanied with the increase in the reducibility of the catalysts.     

CoTiO3纳米粉体的合成及其对MnO2电极材料的改性作用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制得钙钛矿型CoTiO₃纳米粉体，借助XRD、TEM以及循环伏安测试对其性质进行了表征。不同量的所制样品用于MnO₂电极的物理掺杂，进行了深度恒流放电、循环伏安和充放电测试。结果表明在40%KOH电解质溶液中，样品掺杂量为5%时改性效果较好。纳米CoTiO₃参与了电极反应，抑制了电化学惰性物质Mn₃O₄的生成，从而有效地改善MnO₂的放电性能，放电容量较I.C     

以万古霉素为流动相添加剂的高效液相色谱法手性分析系统的建立

以丹酰化苯甘氨酸、丹酰化苯丙氨酸、丹酰化丝氨酸、丹酯化丙氨酸为模型化合物，通过对色谱柱类型、缓冲液类型、pH和盐浓度、万古霉素用量、甲醇用量、柱温等色谱参数进行考察，建立了以万古霉素为手性流动相添加剂在普通色谱柱上进行手性分析的色谱系统，并在该系统中成功地拆分了酮洛芬对映体。     

Enthalpies of formation of methoxybenzoic acids and their dependence on structure

The energy of combustion of 2,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid has been determined using a static bomb calorimeter. The vapor pressures of the compound have been measured over a 18 K temperature interval by the Knudsen effusion technique. Heat capacity measurements betweenT=270 K andT=338 K were carried out by DSC. From these experimental results the standard molar enthalpies of combustion, sublimation, and formation in the crystalline and gaseous state at the temperature 298.15 K have been derived. With this compound, the series of mono- and dimethoxy-benzoic acids have been completed. Their_f H _m ^o values were expressed by an additive relationship, taking into account the number of methoxy groups and the number of all 1,2 interactions: an accuracy of 3.3 kJ·mol^–1 was achieved. In an alternative approach the substituent effect of the methoxy groups was evaluated within the framework of isodesmic reactions. The effect of disubstitution was referred to mono derivatives and the excess energy—the so-called buttressing effect—was evaluated (2–24 kJ· mol^–1 for individual bis derivatives). These values were explained in terms of the conformation of the methoxy group around the C_ar-O bond.     

碳质颗粒添加物对渣油热反应生焦的影响

在高压反应釜中研究了三种不同碳质颗粒添加物对克拉玛依常压渣油420℃氮气气氛下热反应生焦的影响。实验结果表明，反应初期碳质颗粒在一定程度上抑制渣油的热反应生焦。碳质颗粒抑制生焦的能力与其表面对极性组分的润湿吸附能力有直接关系，表面易被极性组分润湿的颗粒吸附沥青质的能力强，其抑制渣油生焦的能力也强。碳质颗粒对沥青质的吸附能力和抑制生焦的能力与其比表面积没有直接关系。生焦量随反应时间的变化表明，碳质颗粒在生焦的初期有抑制生焦的作用，后期有促进作用。对甲苯不溶物（TI）的扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和热重（TG）分析表明，和不含添加物的TI相比，含添加物的TI中，小球状甲苯不溶物的数量少、直径小。沥青质和生焦前驱相在碳质颗粒添加物表面的吸附和铺展作用是抑制渣油生焦的主要原因，该作用可以限制生焦前驱相的融并长大，在反应的初始阶段减少生焦量。     

Influence of Some Aggressive Media on Corrosion Resistance of Mortars With Spent Cracking Catalyst

The influence of spent catalyst from catalytic cracking in fluidized bed on the hydration process of cement and the properties of cement mortars were studied. The spent catalyst was used as an additive to cement in the mortars (10 and 20% of cement). The samples of mortars kept in water for28 days, then they were placed in sulfate and chloride media for 2 months (the control samples were kept in water for 3 months). After this time they were subjected to bending strength and compressive strength determinations. Thermogravimetric and infrared absorption studies were performed and capillary elevation, capability of binding heavy metals, and changes in mass and apparent density were determined too. The studies disclosed the pozzolana nature of spent catalyst and its influence on cement mortars being in contact with corrosive media. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖在甲酰胺溶液中的体积性质

报导了含葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖的甲酰胺溶液的密度数据，无限稀释表观摩尔体积和体积第二维里系数．利用改进的定标粒子理论、基团几何模型和基团加合方法，求解了溶质的空腔生成体积，溶质-溶剂间的氢键作用对体积性质的影响，并和水溶液中的情况进行了比较．     

Stochastic phase lockings in a relaxation oscillator forced by a periodic input with additive noise: A first-passage-time approach

Noise effects on phase lockings in a system consisting of a piecewise-linear van der Pol relaxation oscillator driven by a periodic input are studied. The problem of finding the period of the oscillator is reduced to the first-passage-time problem of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with time-varying boundary. The probability density functions of the first-passage time are used to define the operator which governs a transition of an input phase density after one cycle of the oscillator. Phase lockings in a stochastic sense are investigated on the basis of the density evolution by the operator.     

The stability of the exponential equation

We generalize the well-known Baker's superstability result for exponential mappings with values in the field of complex numbers to the case of an arbitrary commutative complex semisimple Banach algebra. It was shown by Ger that the superstability phenomenon disappears if we formulate the stability question for exponential complex-valued functions in a more natural way. We improve his result by showing that the maximal possible distance of an -approximately exponential function to the set of all exponential functions tends to zero as tends to zero. In order to get this result we have to prove a stability theorem for real-valued functions additive modulo the set of all integers .

     

Analyzing electrochemical noise with Chebyshev’s discrete polynomials

The principles underlying a novel method intended for analyzing experimental data obtained when studying fluctuation processes are considered. The method in question is Chebyshev’s spectroscopy. The application of this method allows one to determine statistic characteristics of steady-state electrochemical noise against the background of severe deterministic interference without invoking the procedure of the fitting of the initial data. The potentialities of this novel method, which is intended for treating noise experiment, are demonstrated by examining model examples and analyzing the electrochemical noise generated by a lithium electrode placed in an aprotic organic electrolyte.